IFN DNA Sensor That Induces Type III Rather Cutting Edge : Ku 70 Is a Novel Cytosolic and Tomozumi Imamichi

IFN DNA Sensor That Induces Type III Rather Cutting Edge : Ku 70 Is a Novel Cytosolic

Cutting edge: Ku70 is a novel cytosolic DNA sensor that induces type III rather than type I IFN.

Cytosolic foreign DNA is detected by pattern recognition receptors and mainly induces type I IFN production. We found that transfection of different types of DNA into various untreated cells induces type III IFN (IFN-λ1) rather than type I IFN, indicating the presence of uncharacterized DNA sensor(s). A pull-down assay using cytosolic proteins identified that Ku70 and Ku80 are the DNA-binding p...

HIV-1 Treated Patients with Undetectable Viral Loads have Lower Levels of Innate Immune Responses via Cytosolic DNA Sensing Systems Compared with Healthy Uninfected Controls

OBJECTIVES After DNA or RNA virus infection, cytosolic foreign DNA or RNA derived from the infecting viruses is recognized by intracellular pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) and induces activation of the innate immune system. Transfection of DNA has been used as an experimental model for DNA virus-mediated innate responses. We have previously reported that DNA transfection preferentially in...

RNA Polymerase III Detects Cytosolic DNA and Induces Type I Interferons through the RIG-I Pathway

Type I interferons (IFNs) are important for antiviral and autoimmune responses. Retinoic acid-induced gene I (RIG-I) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) proteins mediate IFN production in response to cytosolic double-stranded RNA or single-stranded RNA containing 5'-triphosphate (5'-ppp). Cytosolic B form double-stranded DNA, such as poly(dA-dT)*poly(dA-dT) [poly(dA-dT)], can also indu...

DNA Makes RNA Makes Innate Immunity

Microbial DNA in the cytosol induces production of interferon-beta (IFN-beta) and an innate immune response. Chiu et al. (2009) now implicate cytosolic DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III as the DNA sensor linking DNA release by pathogenic bacteria and viruses in the host cell cytosol to IFN-beta production and innate immunity.